(1) Did not create what you call a "nation" but a Confederation of fully independent and autonomous states, with a Federal government limited to 18 carefully listed powers contained in the Constitution, and checked by state nullification and secession whenever it exercised a power not listed in the Constitution, any action the federal government takes not SPECIFICALLY ALLOWED FOR in the Constitution is "null and void."
(2) They detested and abhorred democracy, James Madison calling democracies "spectacles of turbulence and contention," and Hamilton calling the people "turbulent and changing, they seldom judge or determine right." "It will be no alleviation that these [political] powers will be exercised by a plurality of hands, and not by a single one. One hundred and seventy-three despots would surely be as oppressive as one," wrote James Madison, disgusted at the baseless nation that government was somehow less evil when it conformed to the popular will.
(3) They viewed compromise on any issue that concerned liberty as horrible and grounds for rebellion. Here's Thomas Jefferson: "A departure from principle in one instance becomes a precedent for a second; that second for a third, and so on, till the bulk of society is reduced to mere automations of misery, to have no sensibilities left but for sinning and suffering." And James Otis saying "There is nothing that will destroy liberty more than a prevailing opinion that it is better tamely to submit than nobly assert and vindicate our privileges."
(4) The Founding Fathers believed that any federal bureaucrat that acts unconstitutionally must be severely punished.
(5) The Founding Fathers created the electoral college to preserve the rights of stats vis-a-vis the federal government as well as check the tyrannical will of majorities and mobs, and to make sure the cities did not rule America unchecked. "The mobs of the great cities add just so much to the support of pure government as sores do the strength of the human body," observed the ever-wise Thomas Jefferson.
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